What does the term 'processes' refer to in project management?

In project management, the term 'processes' specifically refers to the series of activities performed to achieve project outcomes. These processes encompass all the tasks and actions required to move from one stage of the project to the next, ensuring that objectives are met efficiently and effectively.

Processes are foundational to project management as they help in organizing and controlling the work involved in the project. They can include planning, executing, monitoring, and closing aspects of the project. Each process is categorized into groups and knowledge areas, providing a structured approach to managing projects.

The other options represent important elements of project management but do not capture the essence of what 'processes' refers to. Tools are utilized to aid in managing these processes, stakeholders are individuals or groups impacted by the project, and documents are outputs generated throughout the project's lifecycle. However, none of these elements embody the comprehensive nature of the activities defined as processes within project management. Thus, focusing on B accurately reflects the definition and importance of 'processes' in achieving project goals.